孟子曰：“雞鳴而起，孳孳（zi资）為善者，舜之徒也。雞鳴而起，孳孳為利者，蹠之徒也。欲知舜與蹠之分，無他，利與善之閒也。”
Mencius said, 'He who rises at cock-crowing and addresses himself earnestly to the practice of virtue, is a disciple of Shun. He who rises at cock-crowing, and addresses himself earnestly to the pursuit of gain, is a disciple of Zhi. If you want to know what separates Shun from Zhi, it is simply this: the interval between the thought of gain and the thought of virtue.'
语译：
孟子说：听到鸡叫就起来，努力行善的人，是像舜这一类的人。听到鸡叫就起来，努力追求利的人，是像盗跖这一类的人。要知道舜和盗跖的不同，没有别的，只是追求利和追求善的分别罢了。
析论：
鸡鸣而起，孳孳为善，久而久之，仁心日养日熟，就会有一种发自内心，自立自主而产生的贞定坚强之德，无论在朝在野，都能散发道德人格的光辉。
相反地，那些鸡鸣而起，孳孳为利的人，每天心中只想到利，久而久之，仁心越来越淡薄，善性越来越放失，平日固然不会想到行善，真正遇到有事的时候，一定是仁义放两边，利字摆中间，一切以我为优先，甚至于损人利己，伤天害理的事都无所不为了。凡夫平民，为害还算有限，如果地位越高，为害越大，这不就像盗跖之徒了么？
Showing posts with label good things. Show all posts
Showing posts with label good things. Show all posts
Jun 29, 2011
Jun 21, 2011
存理克欲（五）
宋牼(keng)将之楚，孟子过于石丘，曰：“先生将何之？”曰：“吾闻秦、楚构兵，我将见楚王，说而罢之；楚王不悦，我将见秦王，说而罢之。二王我将有所遇焉。”
曰：“轲也请无问其详，愿闻其指。说之将何如？”曰：“我将言其不利也。”
曰：“先生之志则大矣，先生之号则不可。先生以利说秦、楚之王，秦、楚之王悦于利，以罢三军之师，是三军之士乐罢而悦于利也。为人臣者，怀利以事其君；为人子者，怀利以事其父；为人弟者，怀利以事其兄；是君臣、父子、兄弟终去仁义，怀利以相接；然而不亡者，未之有也。
先生以仁义说秦、楚之王，秦、楚之王悦于仁义，而罢三军之师；是三军之士乐罢而悦于仁义也。为人臣者，怀仁义以事其君；为人子者，怀仁义以事其父；为人弟者，怀仁义以事其兄；是君臣、父子、兄弟去利，怀仁义以相接也；然而不王者，未之有也。何必曰利？”（《告子》下·四）
语译：
宋牼将要到楚国去，孟子在石丘遇到他，问说：先生要去哪儿？宋牼说：我听说秦国和楚国要打仗，我将见楚王游说他，希望他能停止战争；如果楚王不喜欢听，那么我就会见秦王，游说他，希望他能停止战争。在两个国君之中，总有一个和我意见相合的。
孟子说：我不想知道详细的情况，只想知道您的大意。您打算怎么去说服他们？宋牼说：我告诉他们，打仗是不利的。
孟子说：先生的志向很伟大，但是先生的号召却是行不通的。先生以利来说服秦，楚之王，秦，楚之王为了贪利而不出动军队，这就使三军官士都乐于罢兵，因此喜爱图利。做臣子的，怀抱着图利心去服事君主;做儿子的，怀抱着图利心去服事父亲；做弟弟的，怀抱着图利心去服事哥哥；那么君臣，父子，兄弟之间就会抛弃仁义，存着图利的念头来互相交往，这样而能不灭亡，那是不可能的事。
先生如果能以仁义去说服秦，楚之王，秦楚之王为了仁义而不出动军队，这就使三军官士都乐于罢兵，因此喜爱仁义。做臣子的，怀抱着仁义去服事君主;做儿子的，怀抱着仁义去服事父亲；做弟弟的，怀抱着仁义去服事哥哥；那么君臣，父子，兄弟之间就会抛弃图利心，存着仁义的念头来互相交往；这样却还不能完成王业，那也是不可能的事。先生为什么一定要说利呢？
析论：
何必曰利？不以私利为利，而以仁义为利，是合于孟子的仁义思想的阐发。
Mar 3, 2011
存理克欲（四）
孟子見梁惠王。王曰：「叟，不遠千里而來，亦將有以利吾國乎？」
孟子對曰：「王何必曰利？亦有仁義而已矣。」「王曰：『何以利吾國？』大夫曰：『何以利吾家？』士庶人曰：『何以利吾身？』上下交征利，而國危矣！萬乘之國，弒其君者，必千乘之家；千乘之國，弒其君者，必百乘之家。萬取千焉，千取百焉，不為不多矣；茍為後義而先利，不奪不饜。」
孟子對曰：「王何必曰利？亦有仁義而已矣。」「王曰：『何以利吾國？』大夫曰：『何以利吾家？』士庶人曰：『何以利吾身？』上下交征利，而國危矣！萬乘之國，弒其君者，必千乘之家；千乘之國，弒其君者，必百乘之家。萬取千焉，千取百焉，不為不多矣；茍為後義而先利，不奪不饜。」
「未有仁而遺其親者也，未有義而後其君者也。」
「王亦曰：仁義而已矣，何必曰利？」
语译：
孟子见梁惠王。梁惠王说：“老先生，您不远千里来到我国，将有些策略来使我国获利吧？”孟子答道：“大王何必说利呢？也只有讲仁义就是了。大王说：如何使我国获利？大夫说：如何是我家获利？士，庶人说：如何使我个人获利？假使上上下下的人都相互夺取利益，那么邦国就危险了。拥有万乘兵车的邦国，弑杀他的国君的，必是拥有千乘兵车的大夫之家；拥有千乘兵车的邦国，弑杀他的国君的，必是拥有百乘兵车的大夫之家。在万乘之国中拥有千乘兵车，在千乘之国中拥有百乘兵车，不能说不多了。假使把义放在后面，却把利放在前头，那么不全部夺走是不会满足的。没有一个有仁德的人却遗弃他的父母啊！没有一个讲道义的人却把他的国君阁在脑后啊！大王也只有讲仁义就是了，何必说利呢？
析论
颇有感触“苟为后义而先利，不夺不餍（yan）”凡事利字当前，真是欲壑难填，无所不为。私利是祸乱相寻的源头。董仲舒说：凡事只要合乎仁义，以仁德和天地万物相感通，以道义节制其轻重厚薄，使其和于中庸之道，自然无需先考虑是否得利，而天下之大利自然就在之中了。行中道，去私利，无需瞻前顾后，处事自然顺畅无滞。
存理克欲（三）
「齊人有一妻一妾而處室者。其良人出，則必饜酒肉而後反。其妻問所與飲食者，則盡富貴也。其妻告其妾曰：『良人出，則必饜酒肉而後反，問其所與飲食者，盡富貴也，而未嘗有顯者來。將瞷良人之所之也。』蚤起，施從良人之所之，〔彳扁〕國中無與立談者，卒之東郭墦間之祭者，乞其餘，不足，又顧而之他，此其為饜足之道也。
其妻歸，告其妾曰：『良人者，所仰望而終身也。今若此！』與其妾訕其良人，而相泣於中庭。而良人未之知也，施施從外來，驕其妻妾。
由君子觀之，則人之所以求富貴利達者，其妻妾不羞也，而不相泣者，幾希矣！
语译
齐国有一妻一妾住在一起的家庭，这户人家的丈夫一出门，就必定酒足饭饱才回家。他妻子问和他一起吃喝的是什么人，他就说都是些富贵的人。他妻子跟他的妾说：“丈夫一出门，就必定喝足酒，吃饱肉才回家。问他一起吃喝的是什么人，他就说都是些富贵的人，可是却不曾有富贵的人来家里。我打算暗中查看他是往哪儿去的。”翌日，她起了个大早，躲躲藏藏的跟踪丈夫走过的地方，走遍城中，竟没有一个人停下来跟他说话。最后走到东门外的坟地间，向上坟的人乞讨祭坟剩余的食物来吃，吃不够，又转而向另一处乞食。这就是他吃饱喝足的方法。他妻子回家，对他的妾说：“做丈夫的人是我们指望依靠他过一辈子的人，现在竟然如此！”两人埋怨责骂她们的丈夫，并且在庭中相向哭泣。然而这个做丈夫的还不知道，仍然喜滋滋的从外面回来，又向妻妾夸耀骄傲一番。
用君子的眼光来看此事，那么世人追求富贵利达的奸邪行径，他们的妻妾不感觉羞耻，并且不相向哭泣的，恐怕是很少的。
析论：
良人不良，自欺欺人，无耻之尤。孟子正是以冷隽的反讽，痛斥那些谄媚阿谀，巧取豪夺，以求富贵利达的无耻败德之徒。顾炎武说“博学于文”，“行己有耻”，这应该是每个人的自我要求。
存理克欲（二）
孟子曰：「魚，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍魚而取熊掌者也。生，亦我所欲也；義，亦我所欲也，二者不可得兼，舍生而取義者也。生亦我所欲，所欲有甚於生者，故不為苟得也；死亦我所惡，所惡有甚於死者，故患有所不辟也。如使人之所欲莫甚於生，則凡可以得生者，何不用也？使人之所惡莫甚於死者，則凡可以辟患者，何不為也？由是則生而有不用也，由是則可以辟患而有不為也。是故所欲有甚於生者，所惡有甚於死者，非獨賢者有是心也，人皆有之，賢者能勿喪耳。」
「一簞食，一豆羹，得之則生，弗得則死。嘑爾而與之，行道之人弗受；蹴爾而與之，乞人不屑也。萬鍾則不辨禮義而受之。萬鍾於我何加焉？為宮室之美、妻妾之奉、所識窮乏者得我與？鄉為身死而不受，今為宮室之美為之；鄉為身死而不受，今為妻妾之奉為之；鄉為身死而不受，今為所識窮乏者得我而為之，是亦不可以已乎？此之謂失其本心。」
语译：
孟子说：鱼是我喜欢的；熊掌也是我所喜欢的，假如这两者不能兼得，我情愿舍弃鱼而选择熊掌。生命是我所爱惜的；道义也是我所爱惜的，假如这两者只能取其一，我情愿舍弃生命而成全道义。生命是我所爱惜的，然而我所爱惜的有比生命还要贵重时，就不会苟且求生了；死亡时我所憎恶的，然而我所憎恶的有比死亡还要可厌，就不会苟且避开祸患了。假如一个人所爱惜的没有比生命更贵重了，那么凡是足以维持生命的手段，还有什么使不出来的呢？假如一个人所憎恶的没有比死亡更可厌的了，那么凡是足以避免死亡灾祸的事情，还有什么做不出来的呢？照这样做，就能生存下去，可是却有人不这样做，照这样做，就可以避免祸患，可是却有人不这样做。由此可知，人所爱惜的有比生命更珍贵的，人所憎恶的有比死亡更可厌。不只是贤德的人有这样崇尚道义的羞恶之心，每一个人都有啊！只是贤德的人能够存养本心而不丧失罢了。
譬如有一小竹篮的饭，有一碗羹汤，饿极了的人得到了就能活命，得不到就要饿死。然而大声吆喝的给他吃，即使是一般的路人也不肯接受；假如是用脚拨给他，就连乞丐也不屑一顾了。然而一旦万钟厚禄当前，许多人就不去分辨是否合乎礼义而接受了。那万钟厚禄对我有什么助益呢？是为了住宅的华美，妻妾的奉侍，以及那些困穷的朋友可以得到我的好处而对我感激吗？从前情愿饿死也不愿意接受不礼貌的施舍，现在却为了华美的住宅就接受了；从前情愿饿死也不愿接受不礼貌的施舍，现在却为了妻妾的奉侍就接受了；从前情愿饿死也不愿意接受不礼貌的施舍，现在却为了要使那些困穷的朋友对自己感激就接受了，这种行为难道不可以停止吗？这种情形就叫做失去本有的良心。
析论：
这篇文章在学校是背的烂熟，今天读来仍是回味无穷。人往往为私利所困，趋利避患，不择手段，无所不为。孟子点出“所欲有甚于生者”，“所恶有甚于死者”。须得秉承良知行事，方能自由。
Dec 29, 2010
三 存理克欲 (一）
仁义之道是孟子思想的核心,而仁义发自人的本心(良心),因此孟子主张存养本心,保持其纯然至善.
孟子曰:养心莫善于寡欲.其为人也寡欲,虽有不存焉者寡矣.其为人也多欲,虽有存焉者寡矣.(尽心.下.三五)
语译:
孟子说:存养本心的方法没有比减少私欲来得更好的了.一个人如果减少私欲,虽然有放失本心的情况,那也是很
少的.一个人如果增多私欲,虽然有本心存在的情况,那也是很少的.
析论:
天理和人欲是互为消长的.天理内在于每一个人以生俱来的,纯然至善的本心之中;人欲则是口,鼻,耳,目等人体
的器官接触到外物而引发的.被臭,味,声,色所牵引,而耽玩其间.耽玩愈久,必然百虑千想,纷至沓来,于是心灵向外
驰逐,陷溺越深,而纯然至善的本心也就遭受蒙蔽,放失,终至荡然无存. 这点在各种宗教,修身之法中都是共通的,强
调的是呈现本心,减少私欲,不让其为外物所蒙蔽.合乎天理,本心,就欲之,为之,以存养,扩充纯然至善的本心,使天理
昭然呈现,人道耸然挺立.
孟子曰:养心莫善于寡欲.其为人也寡欲,虽有不存焉者寡矣.其为人也多欲,虽有存焉者寡矣.(尽心.下.三五)
语译:
孟子说:存养本心的方法没有比减少私欲来得更好的了.一个人如果减少私欲,虽然有放失本心的情况,那也是很
少的.一个人如果增多私欲,虽然有本心存在的情况,那也是很少的.
析论:
天理和人欲是互为消长的.天理内在于每一个人以生俱来的,纯然至善的本心之中;人欲则是口,鼻,耳,目等人体
的器官接触到外物而引发的.被臭,味,声,色所牵引,而耽玩其间.耽玩愈久,必然百虑千想,纷至沓来,于是心灵向外
驰逐,陷溺越深,而纯然至善的本心也就遭受蒙蔽,放失,终至荡然无存. 这点在各种宗教,修身之法中都是共通的,强
调的是呈现本心,减少私欲,不让其为外物所蒙蔽.合乎天理,本心,就欲之,为之,以存养,扩充纯然至善的本心,使天理
昭然呈现,人道耸然挺立.
Dec 17, 2010
You've got to find what you love
I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
我今天很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼，斯坦福大学是世界上最好的大学之一。我从来没有从大学中毕业。说实话,今天也许是在我的生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三个故事而已。
The first story is about connecting the dots.
第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
我在Reed大学读了六个月之后就退学了,但是在十八个月以后——我真正的作出退学决定之前,我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢？
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一个年轻的,没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我, 她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。所以在我出生的时候，她已经做好了一切的准备工作，能使得我被一个律师和他的妻子所收养。但是她没有料到,当我出生之后,律师夫妇突然决定他们想要一个女孩。所以我的生养父母（他们还在我亲生父母的观察名单上）突然在半夜接到了一个电话:“我们现在这儿有一个不小心生出来的男婴,你们想要他吗？”他们回答道:“当然！”但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从来没有上过大学,我的父亲甚至从没有读过高中。她拒绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后,我的父母答应她一定要让我上大学,那个时候她才同意。
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
在十七岁那年,我真的上了大学。但是我很愚蠢的选择了一个几乎和你们斯坦福大学一样贵的学校, 我父母还处于蓝领阶层，他们几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在六个月后, 我已经看不到其中的价值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大学能帮助我找到怎样的答案。但是在这里，我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的所有积蓄。所以我决定要退学,我觉得这是个正确的决定。不能否认,我当时确实非常的害怕, 但是现在回头看看,那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。在我做出退学决定的那一刻, 我终于可以不必去读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了。然后我还可以去修那些看起来有点意思的课程。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
但是这并不是那么罗曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡觉,我去捡5美分的可乐瓶子，仅仅为了填饱肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程，穿过这个城市到Hare Krishna寺庙,只是为了能吃上饭——这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭。但是我喜欢这样。我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走, 遇到的很多东西,此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举一个例子吧：
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
Reed大学在那时提供也许是全美最好的美术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报, 每个抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。因为我退学了, 没有受到正规的训练, 所以我决定去参加这个课程，去学学怎样写出漂亮的美术字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体, 我学会了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中改变空格的长度, 还有怎么样才能作出最棒的印刷式样。那是一种科学永远不能捕捉到的、美丽的、真实的艺术精妙, 我发现那实在是太美妙了。
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
当时看起来这些东西在我的生命中，好像都没有什么实际应用的可能。但是十年之后,当我们在设计第一台Macintosh电脑的时候,就不是那样了。我把当时我学的那些家伙全都设计进了Mac。那是第一台使用了漂亮的印刷字体的电脑。如果我当时没有退学, 就不会有机会去参加这个我感兴趣的美术字课程, Mac就不会有这么多丰富的字体，以及赏心悦目的字体间距。那么现在个人电脑就不会有现在这么美妙的字型了。当然我在大学的时候，还不可能把从前的点点滴滴串连起来,但是当我十年后回顾这一切的时候,真的豁然开朗了。
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever, because believing that the dots that will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
再次说明的是,你在向前展望的时候不可能将这些片断串连起来；你只能在回顾的时候将点点滴滴串连起来。所以你必须相信这些片断会在你未来的某一天串连起来。你必须要相信某些东西：你的勇气、目的、生命、因果。因为只有你相信这些点是存在关系的，你才能自信地踏上那条你梦寐以求的路，这条路可能带领你偏离主流价值观，而也正因此，人生可能真的与众不同。
我今天很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼，斯坦福大学是世界上最好的大学之一。我从来没有从大学中毕业。说实话,今天也许是在我的生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不是什么大不了的事情,只是三个故事而已。
The first story is about connecting the dots.
第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?
我在Reed大学读了六个月之后就退学了,但是在十八个月以后——我真正的作出退学决定之前,我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢？
It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: "We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.
故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一个年轻的,没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我, 她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。所以在我出生的时候，她已经做好了一切的准备工作，能使得我被一个律师和他的妻子所收养。但是她没有料到,当我出生之后,律师夫妇突然决定他们想要一个女孩。所以我的生养父母（他们还在我亲生父母的观察名单上）突然在半夜接到了一个电话:“我们现在这儿有一个不小心生出来的男婴,你们想要他吗？”他们回答道:“当然！”但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从来没有上过大学,我的父亲甚至从没有读过高中。她拒绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后,我的父母答应她一定要让我上大学,那个时候她才同意。
And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.
在十七岁那年,我真的上了大学。但是我很愚蠢的选择了一个几乎和你们斯坦福大学一样贵的学校, 我父母还处于蓝领阶层，他们几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在六个月后, 我已经看不到其中的价值所在。我不知道我想要在生命中做什么,我也不知道大学能帮助我找到怎样的答案。但是在这里，我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的所有积蓄。所以我决定要退学,我觉得这是个正确的决定。不能否认,我当时确实非常的害怕, 但是现在回头看看,那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。在我做出退学决定的那一刻, 我终于可以不必去读那些令我提不起丝毫兴趣的课程了。然后我还可以去修那些看起来有点意思的课程。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms, I returned coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:
但是这并不是那么罗曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍,所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡觉,我去捡5美分的可乐瓶子，仅仅为了填饱肚子, 在星期天的晚上,我需要走七英里的路程，穿过这个城市到Hare Krishna寺庙,只是为了能吃上饭——这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭。但是我喜欢这样。我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走, 遇到的很多东西,此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举一个例子吧：
Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating.
Reed大学在那时提供也许是全美最好的美术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报, 每个抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。因为我退学了, 没有受到正规的训练, 所以我决定去参加这个课程，去学学怎样写出漂亮的美术字。我学到了san serif 和serif字体, 我学会了怎么样在不同的字母组合之中改变空格的长度, 还有怎么样才能作出最棒的印刷式样。那是一种科学永远不能捕捉到的、美丽的、真实的艺术精妙, 我发现那实在是太美妙了。
None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.
当时看起来这些东西在我的生命中，好像都没有什么实际应用的可能。但是十年之后,当我们在设计第一台Macintosh电脑的时候,就不是那样了。我把当时我学的那些家伙全都设计进了Mac。那是第一台使用了漂亮的印刷字体的电脑。如果我当时没有退学, 就不会有机会去参加这个我感兴趣的美术字课程, Mac就不会有这么多丰富的字体，以及赏心悦目的字体间距。那么现在个人电脑就不会有现在这么美妙的字型了。当然我在大学的时候，还不可能把从前的点点滴滴串连起来,但是当我十年后回顾这一切的时候,真的豁然开朗了。
Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever, because believing that the dots that will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference.
再次说明的是,你在向前展望的时候不可能将这些片断串连起来；你只能在回顾的时候将点点滴滴串连起来。所以你必须相信这些片断会在你未来的某一天串连起来。你必须要相信某些东西：你的勇气、目的、生命、因果。因为只有你相信这些点是存在关系的，你才能自信地踏上那条你梦寐以求的路，这条路可能带领你偏离主流价值观，而也正因此，人生可能真的与众不同。
My second story is about love and loss.
我的第二个故事是关于爱和失去的。
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
我非常幸运, 因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。Woz和我在二十岁的时候就在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。我们工作得很努力, 十年之后, 这个公司从那两个车库中的穷光蛋发展到了超过四千名的雇员、价值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我们刚刚发布了最好的产品,那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十岁了。在那一年, 我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢? 嗯,在苹果快速成长的时候，我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司, 在最初的几年,公司运转的很好。但是后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧, 最终我们吵了起来。当争吵不可开交的时候, 董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候, 我被炒了。在这么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱离自己远去, 这真是毁灭性的打击。
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
在最初的几个月里，我真是不知道该做些什么。我把从前的创业激情给丢了, 我觉得自己让与我一同创业的人都很沮丧。我和David Pack和Bob Boyce见面，并试图向他们道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透顶了。但是我渐渐发现了曙光, 我仍然喜爱我从事的这些东西。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这些, 一点也没有。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱它。所以我决定从头再来。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
我当时没有觉察, 但是事后证明, 从苹果公司被炒是我这辈子发生的最棒的事情。因为，作为一个成功者的沉重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉代替: 对任何事情都不再那么确定。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
在接下来的五年里, 我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司, 还有一个叫Pixar的公司, 然后和一个后来成为我妻子的优雅女人相识。Pixar 制作了世界上第一个用电脑制作的动画电影——“”玩具总动员”,Pixar现在也是世界上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在后来的一系列运转中,Apple收购了NeXT, 然后我又回到了Apple公司。我们在NeXT发展的技术在Apple的复兴之中发挥了关键的作用。我还和Laurence 一起建立了一个幸福的家庭。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
我可以非常肯定,如果我不被Apple开除的话, 这其中一件事情也不会发生的。这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要这个药。有些时候, 生活会拿起一块砖头向你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你需要去找到你所爱的东西。对于工作是如此, 对于你的爱人也是如此。你的工作将会占据生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是伟大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你现在还没有找到, 那么继续找、不要停下来、全心全意的去找, 当你找到的时候你就会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系, 随着岁月的流逝只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，直到你找到它，不要停下来！
My third story is about death.
我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
当我十七岁的时候, 我读到了一句话:“如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。”这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那时开始,过了33年,我在每天早晨都会对着镜子问自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你会不会想要完成你今天要做的事情呢？”当答案连续很多天都是“不是”的时候, 我知道自己需要改变某些事情了。
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
“记住你即将死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我指明了生命中重要的选择。因为几乎所有的事情, 包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、所有对难堪和失败的恐惧,这些在死亡面前都会消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的东西。你有时候会思考你将会失去某些东西,“记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。你已经赤身裸体了, 你没有理由不去听从你内心的召唤。
我的第二个故事是关于爱和失去的。
I was lucky – I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out.What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
我非常幸运, 因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。Woz和我在二十岁的时候就在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。我们工作得很努力, 十年之后, 这个公司从那两个车库中的穷光蛋发展到了超过四千名的雇员、价值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年,我们刚刚发布了最好的产品,那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十岁了。在那一年, 我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢? 嗯,在苹果快速成长的时候，我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司, 在最初的几年,公司运转的很好。但是后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧, 最终我们吵了起来。当争吵不可开交的时候, 董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候, 我被炒了。在这么多人的眼皮下我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱离自己远去, 这真是毁灭性的打击。
I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me – I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.
在最初的几个月里，我真是不知道该做些什么。我把从前的创业激情给丢了, 我觉得自己让与我一同创业的人都很沮丧。我和David Pack和Bob Boyce见面，并试图向他们道歉。我把事情弄得糟糕透顶了。但是我渐渐发现了曙光, 我仍然喜爱我从事的这些东西。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这些, 一点也没有。我被驱逐了,但是我仍然钟爱它。所以我决定从头再来。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
我当时没有觉察, 但是事后证明, 从苹果公司被炒是我这辈子发生的最棒的事情。因为，作为一个成功者的沉重感被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉代替: 对任何事情都不再那么确定。这让我觉得如此自由, 进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.
在接下来的五年里, 我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司, 还有一个叫Pixar的公司, 然后和一个后来成为我妻子的优雅女人相识。Pixar 制作了世界上第一个用电脑制作的动画电影——“”玩具总动员”,Pixar现在也是世界上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在后来的一系列运转中,Apple收购了NeXT, 然后我又回到了Apple公司。我们在NeXT发展的技术在Apple的复兴之中发挥了关键的作用。我还和Laurence 一起建立了一个幸福的家庭。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking. Don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don't settle.
我可以非常肯定,如果我不被Apple开除的话, 这其中一件事情也不会发生的。这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,但是我想病人需要这个药。有些时候, 生活会拿起一块砖头向你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你需要去找到你所爱的东西。对于工作是如此, 对于你的爱人也是如此。你的工作将会占据生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是伟大的工作, 你才能怡然自得。如果你现在还没有找到, 那么继续找、不要停下来、全心全意的去找, 当你找到的时候你就会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系, 随着岁月的流逝只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，直到你找到它，不要停下来！
My third story is about death.
我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。
When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.
当我十七岁的时候, 我读到了一句话:“如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现你是正确的。”这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那时开始,过了33年,我在每天早晨都会对着镜子问自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你会不会想要完成你今天要做的事情呢？”当答案连续很多天都是“不是”的时候, 我知道自己需要改变某些事情了。
Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything – all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.
“记住你即将死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我指明了生命中重要的选择。因为几乎所有的事情, 包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、所有对难堪和失败的恐惧,这些在死亡面前都会消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的东西。你有时候会思考你将会失去某些东西,“记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。你已经赤身裸体了, 你没有理由不去听从你内心的召唤。
About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
大概一年以前, 我被诊断出癌症。我在早晨七点半做了一个检查, 检查清楚的显示在我的胰腺有一个肿瘤。我当时都不知道胰腺是什么东西。医生告诉我那很可能是一种无法治愈的癌症, 我还有三到六个月的时间活在这个世界上。我的医生叫我回家, 然后整理好我的一切, 那就是医生准备死亡的程序。那意味着你将要把未来十年对你小孩说的话在几个月里面说完.；那意味着把每件事情都搞定, 让你的家人会尽可能轻松的生活；那意味着你要说“再见了”。
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I'm fine now.
我整天和那个诊断书一起生活。后来有一天早上我作了一个活切片检查，医生将一个内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去,通过我的胃, 然后进入我的肠子, 用一根针在我的胰腺上的肿瘤上取了几个细胞。我当时很镇静,因为我被注射了镇定剂。但是我的妻子在那里, 后来告诉我，当医生在显微镜地下观察这些细胞的时候他们开始尖叫, 因为这些细胞最后竟然是一种非常罕见的可以用手术治愈的胰腺癌症。我做了这个手术, 现在我痊愈了。
This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:
那是我最接近死亡的时候, 我还希望这也是以后的几十年最接近的一次。从死亡线上又活了过来, 死亡对我来说，只是一个有用但是纯粹是知识上的概念的时候，我可以更肯定一点地对你们说：
No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.
没有人愿意死, 即使人们想上天堂, 人们也不会为了去那里而死。但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。从来没有人能够逃脱它。也应该如此。因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。你们现在是新的, 但是从现在开始不久以后, 你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被清除。我很抱歉这很戏剧性, 但是这十分的真实。
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of other's opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
你们的时间很有限, 所以不要将他们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条束缚,那意味着你和其他人思考的结果一起生活。不要被其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声音。还有最重要的是, 你要有勇气去听从你直觉和心灵的指示——它们在某种程度上知道你想要成为什么样子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。
When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.
当我年轻的时候, 有一本叫做“整个地球的目录”振聋发聩的杂志，它是我们那一代人的圣经之一。它是一个叫Stewart Brand的家伙在离这里不远的Menlo Park书写的, 他象诗一般神奇地将这本书带到了这个世界。那是六十年代后期, 在个人电脑出现之前, 所以这本书全部是用打字机,、剪刀还有偏光镜制造的。有点像用软皮包装的google, 在google出现三十五年之前：这是理想主义的， 其中有许多灵巧的工具和伟大的想法。
Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stewart和他的伙伴出版了几期的“整个地球的目录”,当它完成了自己使命的时候, 他们做出了最后一期的目录。那是在七十年代的中期, 你们的时代。在最后一期的封底上是清晨乡村公路的照片（如果你有冒险精神的话，你可以自己找到这条路的），在照片之下有这样一段话：“保持饥饿,保持愚蠢。”这是他们停止了发刊的告别语。“保持饥饿,保持愚蠢。”我总是希望自己能够那样,现在, 在你们即将毕业，开始新的旅程的时候, 我也希望你们能这样：
Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.
保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。
Thank you all very much.
非常感谢你们。
Dec 2, 2010
二 存养善性（五）
孟子曰：「人之于身也，兼所受。兼所爱。，则兼所养也。无尺寸之肤不爱焉，则无尽寸之肤不养也。所以考其善
不善者，岂有他哉？于己取之而已矣。体有贵贱，有小大。无以小害大，无以贱害贵。养其小者为小人，养其大者
为大人。今有场师，舍其梧�，状其�棘，则为贱场师焉。养其一指而失其肩背，而不知也，则为狼疾人也。饮食
之人，则人贱之矣，为其养小以失大也。饮食之人无有失也，则口腹岂适为尺寸之肤哉？」
语译：
孟子说：“一个人对于自己的身体，全部都是爱惜的;既然全部都爱惜，就全部都要加以保养。没有一尺一寸的皮
肤不爱惜，就没有一尺一寸的皮肤不受保养。所以要考察他保养得好或坏，难道有别的方法吗？只要看他所注重的
是身体的哪一部分罢了。身体各部分，有贵贱的不同，有小大的分别；我们不要只顾贱而小的口腹，妨害了贵而大
的心志。保养小的口腹就是小人，保养大的心志就是大人。现在有个管理园圃的师傅，舍弃梧桐，�木价值高的木
材，而培养酸枣，小枣价值低的木材，那就是一个不高明的师傅了。为了保养一个手指而失去了肩背，自己还不知
道，那就是一个缪乱糊涂的人了。只讲究饮食口腹之养（而忽略心志培养）的人，人都看不起他，因为他只晓得养
小的口腹，而失去了大的心志。假如注重饮食的人，没有忽略心志的培养，那么口腹的饮食（是为躯体生命）又岂
是只为了一尺一寸的皮肤呢！”
PS：感谢女儿为我念的语译部分！
Nov 1, 2010
二 存养善性（四）
公都子问曰，钧是人也，或为大人，或为小人，何也？
孟子曰，从其大体为大人，从其小体为小人。
曰，钧是人也，或从其大体，或从其小体。何也。
曰，耳目之官不思，而蔽于物。物交物，则引之而已矣。心之官则思，思则得之，不思则不得也。此天之所与我者，先立乎其大者，则其小者不能夺也。此为大人而已矣。（告子，上，一五）
语译
公都子问说，同样是人，有的人是大人，有的人是小人，什么原因呢？
孟子说，随着本心所具的善性行事就是大人，随着耳目之类的欲望行事就是小人。
公都子说，同样是人，有的人能照着本心行事，有得人却照着感官欲望行事，这又是什么原因？
孟子说，耳朵眼睛这类器官不会思考，因为会为外物所蒙蔽，（即如此，耳目也不过是一物而已）一与外在的声色等事物相接触，则被引诱而去。心这种器官职司思考，能够思考，就能得到仁义礼智等义理的实践，不思考，便不能得。这些器官都是上天赐给我们的，要先立定大体的心，那小体的耳目之欲，就不会夺去心志之官能，这样就可以成为大人了。
体会
大人，这个平时广泛使用的词语，里面的含义却没有体会。我们对孩子们自称大人，贫民对官员们称呼大人。 大人，是指大德之人。孟子心目中的大人是在善，信，美之上，而在圣，神之下，集信善美于一身，而又能光大之，因此可称为大德之人。 看到此，大人这个称呼实在是要努力去做才行。
发自我的 iPad
孟子曰，从其大体为大人，从其小体为小人。
曰，钧是人也，或从其大体，或从其小体。何也。
曰，耳目之官不思，而蔽于物。物交物，则引之而已矣。心之官则思，思则得之，不思则不得也。此天之所与我者，先立乎其大者，则其小者不能夺也。此为大人而已矣。（告子，上，一五）
语译
公都子问说，同样是人，有的人是大人，有的人是小人，什么原因呢？
孟子说，随着本心所具的善性行事就是大人，随着耳目之类的欲望行事就是小人。
公都子说，同样是人，有的人能照着本心行事，有得人却照着感官欲望行事，这又是什么原因？
孟子说，耳朵眼睛这类器官不会思考，因为会为外物所蒙蔽，（即如此，耳目也不过是一物而已）一与外在的声色等事物相接触，则被引诱而去。心这种器官职司思考，能够思考，就能得到仁义礼智等义理的实践，不思考，便不能得。这些器官都是上天赐给我们的，要先立定大体的心，那小体的耳目之欲，就不会夺去心志之官能，这样就可以成为大人了。
体会
大人，这个平时广泛使用的词语，里面的含义却没有体会。我们对孩子们自称大人，贫民对官员们称呼大人。 大人，是指大德之人。孟子心目中的大人是在善，信，美之上，而在圣，神之下，集信善美于一身，而又能光大之，因此可称为大德之人。 看到此，大人这个称呼实在是要努力去做才行。
发自我的 iPad
Oct 28, 2010
二 存养善性(三)
孟子曰：＂仁，人心也；义，人路也；舍其路而弗由，放其心而不知求，哀哉！人有鸡犬放，则知求之。有放心，而不知求。学问之道无他，求其放心而已矣。（告子上，一一）
语译
孟子说，仁，是人的良心。义，是人的正路。舍弃正路而不行走，亡失良心而不寻求，真是可悲啊！有人鸡狗丢失了，就知道寻找。自己的良心亡失了，反而不知道寻找。研究学问的途径没有别的，就是把亡失的良心找回来罢了。
析论
良心的自觉是一切功夫的开端，必须有了良心的自觉，其他一切修养功夫才用得上，才有着落，才有依附，才能表显其意义和价值。否则一切辛苦，奋斗，本质上都只是瞎摸，摸对了好似有效，但不对的时候可能更多，挫折感与幻灭感就不断产生。所以必须良心有了自觉，人生的方向才稳得住，一切活动才谈得上成效，依照这种认知，人生修养的关键就在求其放心。
良心的自觉是要在各种事情上去表现，读书时是自觉地读书，工作时是自觉地工作,休闲是自觉的休闲，喜怒哀乐时是自觉地喜怒哀乐等等。因此良心的自觉是无所不在，无时不在的，它不只是一个开端，而且也是功夫的全部，其他的功夫都属于良心自觉的表现。所以说孟子说学问之道无他，求其放心而已矣。
发自我的 iPad
语译
孟子说，仁，是人的良心。义，是人的正路。舍弃正路而不行走，亡失良心而不寻求，真是可悲啊！有人鸡狗丢失了，就知道寻找。自己的良心亡失了，反而不知道寻找。研究学问的途径没有别的，就是把亡失的良心找回来罢了。
析论
良心的自觉是一切功夫的开端，必须有了良心的自觉，其他一切修养功夫才用得上，才有着落，才有依附，才能表显其意义和价值。否则一切辛苦，奋斗，本质上都只是瞎摸，摸对了好似有效，但不对的时候可能更多，挫折感与幻灭感就不断产生。所以必须良心有了自觉，人生的方向才稳得住，一切活动才谈得上成效，依照这种认知，人生修养的关键就在求其放心。
良心的自觉是要在各种事情上去表现，读书时是自觉地读书，工作时是自觉地工作,休闲是自觉的休闲，喜怒哀乐时是自觉地喜怒哀乐等等。因此良心的自觉是无所不在，无时不在的，它不只是一个开端，而且也是功夫的全部，其他的功夫都属于良心自觉的表现。所以说孟子说学问之道无他，求其放心而已矣。
发自我的 iPad
Oct 27, 2010
二 存养善性 (二）
孟子曰："自暴者，不可与有言也；自弃者，不可与有为也。言非礼义，谓之自暴也；吾身不能居仁由义，谓之自弃也。仁，人之安宅也；义，人之正路也。旷安宅而弗居，舍正路而不由，哀哉！"
语译：
孟子说："残害自身的人 ，不能和他谈论道理;抛弃自身的人，不能和他一起有所作为。一个人开口就诋毁礼义，这便叫做残害自己；以为自己不能以仁居心，不能由义而行，这边叫做抛弃自己。仁，是人类最安全的住宅；义，是人类最正大的道路。空着最安全的住宅不去住，舍弃最正大的道路不去走，真是可悲啊！"
二 存养善性（一）
孟子曰：“牛山之木尝美矣，以其郊于大国也，斧斤伐之，可以为美乎？是其日夜之所息，雨露之所润，非无萌蘖之生焉，牛羊又从而牧之，是以若彼濯濯也。人见其濯濯也，以为未尝有材焉，此岂山之性也哉？虽存乎人者，岂无仁义之心哉？其所以放其良心者，亦犹斧斤之于木也，旦旦而伐之，可以为美乎？其日夜之所息，平旦之气，其好恶与人相近也者几希，则其旦昼之所为，有梏亡之矣①。梏之反覆，则其夜气不足以存；夜气不足以存，则其违禽兽不远矣。人见其禽兽也，而以为未尝有才焉者，是岂人之情也哉？故苟得其养，无物不长；苟失其养，无物不消。孔子曰：‘操则存，舍则亡；出入无时，莫知其乡。’惟心之谓与？”
语译：
孟子说："牛山的树木，从前原是很茂美的。只因临近都城，人们常用斧头、砍刀去砍伐它，还能够美的起来么？这座山日夜所生长的，雨露所滋润的，并不是没有枝桠长出来，可是牛羊跟着在哪儿放牧，所以就弄成那样光秃秃的了。人们看它光秃秃的，就以为这座山没有长过树木，这难道是山的本性吗？
存在人身上的，难道没有仁义之心吗？人所以失掉他本然的善心，也就像斧头、砍刀对于树木一般，天天砍伐它，还能够美起来吗？一个放失良心的人，经过日夜的生息，在清晨时所怀有的清明之气，和一般人的好恶相接近的只有那么一点点，可是一到了白天，受惑于纷华世界，所作所为，又把那养出的一点清明之气扰乱丧失了。如果一再的扰乱丧失，那么夜间所培养出的清明之气就不能保存；清明之气不能保存，那和禽兽就相差不远了。人们看他和禽兽一样，便以为他本来没有才质，这难道是人的本性么？
所以如果得到适当的培养，没有东西不生长的；如果失去适当的培养，没有东西不消亡的。孔子说：'把持它就能留存，舍弃它就会亡失，进出没有定时，也不知道它的定处。'这大概指人心而说吧！"
语译：
孟子说："牛山的树木，从前原是很茂美的。只因临近都城，人们常用斧头、砍刀去砍伐它，还能够美的起来么？这座山日夜所生长的，雨露所滋润的，并不是没有枝桠长出来，可是牛羊跟着在哪儿放牧，所以就弄成那样光秃秃的了。人们看它光秃秃的，就以为这座山没有长过树木，这难道是山的本性吗？
存在人身上的，难道没有仁义之心吗？人所以失掉他本然的善心，也就像斧头、砍刀对于树木一般，天天砍伐它，还能够美起来吗？一个放失良心的人，经过日夜的生息，在清晨时所怀有的清明之气，和一般人的好恶相接近的只有那么一点点，可是一到了白天，受惑于纷华世界，所作所为，又把那养出的一点清明之气扰乱丧失了。如果一再的扰乱丧失，那么夜间所培养出的清明之气就不能保存；清明之气不能保存，那和禽兽就相差不远了。人们看他和禽兽一样，便以为他本来没有才质，这难道是人的本性么？
所以如果得到适当的培养，没有东西不生长的；如果失去适当的培养，没有东西不消亡的。孔子说：'把持它就能留存，舍弃它就会亡失，进出没有定时，也不知道它的定处。'这大概指人心而说吧！"
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